The Liberty University Writing Center is available to provide writing coaching to students. Residential students should contact the On-Campus Writing Center for assistance. Online students should contact the Online Writing Center for assistance.
All bibliographic entries should be single-spaced, indenting subsequent lines. Like the rest of the paper, the bibliography should be in Times New Roman. The following are examples and due to the nature of formatting in web pages may not reflect the exact style as would be seen in a Word document.
Book with a Single Author
Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books, 2017.
Book with Two or More Authors
Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of
Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017.
Books with Four or More Authors
For books with up to ten authors, list each author in the order in which they appear. For books with more then ten, list only the first seven authors followed by "et al."
Eichengreen, Barry, Lim, Wonhyuk, Park, Yung C., and Dwight H. Perkins. The Korean Economy: From
a Miraculous Past to a Sustainable Future. Cambridge: Harvard University Asia Center, 2015.
Books with an Editor
John D’Agata, ed. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.
Chapter or Other Part of a Book
Rowlandson, Mary. “The Narrative of My Captivity.” In The Making of the American Essay, edited by
John D’Agata, 19–56. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016.
Translation of a Book
Lahiri, Jhumpa. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016.
Ebook
For online ebooks, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of ebooks (such as e-reader files), name the format at the end of the citation.
Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle.
Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Translated by Constance Garnett, edited by William Allan Neilson. New York: P. F. Collier Son, 1917. https://archive.org/details/crimepunishment00dostuoft.
Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. ProQuest Ebrary.
Journal Article
For online articles, include the doi address (the address begins with https://doi.org/). If the article doesn't have doi information, list the article's permalink or database instead. If an article has more than ten authors, list the first seven authors followed by an "et al."
Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. “Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 1978–2014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality.” Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 1–34. https://doi.org/10.1086/690235.
LaSalle, Peter. “Conundrum: A Story about Reading.” New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95–109. Project MUSE.
Pérez, Ashley Hope. “Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderot’s Le neveu de Rameau.” Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 872–98. https://doi.org/10.1086/689836.
Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Noémie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. “Resist Globally,Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite.” American Naturalist 189, no.1 (January 2017): 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1086/689597.
Magazine Article
Lind, Dara. “Moving to Canada, Explained.” Vox, September 15, 2016. http://www.vox.com/2016/5/9/11608830/move-to-canada-how.
Newspaper Article
Manjoo, Farhad. “Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera.” New York Times, March 8, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/08/technology/snap-makes-a-bet-on-the-cultural-supremacy-of-the-camera.html.
Book Review
Eberstadt, Fernanda. “Gone Guy: A Writer Leaves His Wife, Then Disappears in Greece.” Review of A Separation, by Katie Kitamura. New York Times, February 15, 2017. https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/books/review/separation-katie-kitamura.html.
Thesis or Dissertation
Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. “Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents.” PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Website Content
If a website doesn't list a date of publication, posting, or revision, include an access date.
Columbia University. “History.” Accessed May 15, 2017. http://www.columbia.edu/content/history.html.Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.
Audiovisual Content
Beyoncé. “Sorry.” Directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyoncé Knowles. June 22, 2016. Music video, 4:25. https://youtu.be/QxsmWxxouIM.
Stamper, Kory. “From ‘F-Bomb’ to ‘Photobomb,’ How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English.” Interview by Terry Gross. Fresh Air, NPR,April 19, 2017. Audio, 35:25. http://www.npr.org/2017/04/19/524618639/from-f-bomb-to-photobomb-how-the-dictionary-keeps-up-with-english.
Examples are adapted from Kate Turabian's A Manual for Writers and the Turabian 9th Edition Quick Guide.